Amateka y'isi yuzuyemo inkuru z'imijyi n'ahantu abantu bubatse, bakahatura, bagakoreramo ubucuruzi ndetse bakahagira ubuzima busanzwe. Ariko uko imyaka n'ibinyejana byagiye bihita, bimwe muri ibyo bice byagiye bisigara inyuma, birasenyuka, birarengerwa cyangwa abantu barabyibagirwa.

Bimwe byaje kuvumburwa nyuma y'igihe kirekire, mu gihe ibindi kugeza uyu munsi bikiri amayobera.

Dore hamwe mu hantu hatangaje cyane mu mateka.

1. Pompeii – Umujyi washyinguwe n'ikirunga

Pompeii ni umwe mu mijyi izwi cyane mu mateka y'Abaroma. Mu mwaka wa 79 nyuma ya Yezu, ikirunga cya Vesuvius cyararutse, maze umujyi utwikirwa n'ivu n'ibindi byaturutse mu kirunga.

Abantu benshi bahunze, ariko umujyi ubwawo usigara ushyinguwe mu gihe kirekire.

Igitangaje ni uko iryo vu ryatumye amazu, imihanda, amashusho ku nkuta n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ubuzima bwa buri munsi bibikwa neza. Nyuma y'ibinyejana byinshi, abacukumbuzi batangiye kuwuvumbura, bituma isi ibona uko bamwe mu Baroma babagaho.

Wasoma n'iyi: Ubwami bwabayeho bwari bukomeye kurusha ubundi mu mateka

2. Heracleion – Umujyi waburiwe irengero munsi y'inyanja

Hari umujyi wa kera witwaga Heracleion, wari uri hafi y'inkombe za Misiri. Wigeze kuba ahantu hakomeye mu bucuruzi no mu gutwara abantu n'ibicuruzwa.

Ariko uko ibihe byagiye bihita, umujyi warasenyutse ndetse igice kinini cyawo kirarengerwa n'amazi.

Mu myaka ya vuba, abashakashatsi batangiye kuvumbura ibisigazwa byawo munsi y'inyanja, harimo ibishushanyo, ibikoresho n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ubuzima bwo mu gihe cyashize.

Ni nk'aho umujyi wari warasibwe ku ikarita, ariko ugasigira amateka ubutumwa bwari bwihishe munsi y'amazi.

3. Library of Alexandria – Isomero ryari rifite ubumenyi bwinshi

Isomero rya Alexandria muri Misiri ni rimwe mu masomero azwi cyane mu mateka ya kera.

Rivugwa nk'ahantu hakomeye cyane h'ubumenyi, aho intiti n'abanditsi bateraniraga. Ryari rifite inyandiko nyinshi zaturutse mu bice bitandukanye by'isi ya kera.

Ariko uko imyaka yagiye ihita, isomero n'ibigo byari birikikije byagiye bigira ibibazo, birasenyuka ndetse binatakaza inyandiko zari zibitsemo.

Hari abantu bakunda kuvuga ko isomero ryahiye rimwe gusa rigatakaza ubumenyi bwose. Ariko amateka yaryo araruhije kurushaho; abahanga ntibemera ko hari igikorwa kimwe gusa cyarimbuye icyarimwe inyandiko zose. Icyizwi ni uko inyandiko nyinshi za kera zabuze uko ibihe byagiye bihita.

4. Akrotiri – Umujyi wapfumbatiwe n'ivu

Ku kirwa cya Santorini mu Bugiriki hari ibisigazwa by'umujyi wa kera witwa Akrotiri.

Uyu mujyi wabayeho mu myaka ibihumbi ishize, ariko warasenywe n'iruka rikomeye ry'ikirunga. Ivu ryatwikiriye inyubako n'ibikoresho byinshi, bituma bimwe muri byo bibikwa kugeza ubu.

Kimwe na Pompeii, Akrotiri yatumye abashakashatsi babona ibimenyetso byinshi by'uko abantu babagaho mbere y'uko umujyi ushyingurwa.

Wasoma n'iyi: Misiri ya kera n’ibanga rikikije amapirâmide

5. Tikal – Umujyi ukomeye wabitswe n'ishyamba

Tikal yari umwe mu mijyi ikomeye y'Abamaya muri Amerika yo Hagati. Yari ifite inyubako nini, insengero n'ahantu h'ingenzi h'ubutegetsi.

Nyuma y'igihe, umujyi wagabanutse cyane, abantu bawuvamo, maze ishyamba ritangira kuwutwikira.

Hashize igihe kirekire, ibisigazwa bya Tikal byongeye kwitabwaho n'abashakashatsi, maze isi ibona ubunini n'ubwiza bw'uyu mujyi wari umaze igihe kinini wihishe mu mashyamba.

6. Roanoke – Abantu baburiwe irengero

Roanoke yo itandukanye n'indi mijyi twavuze.

Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16, itsinda ry'abakoloni b'Abongereza ryari ryaratuye ku kirwa cya Roanoke muri Amerika ya none ryaje gusangwa ritakihari.

Igihe uwari waragiye kubasigira ibikoresho yagarukaga, nta bantu yasanzeyo. Hasigaye ibimenyetso bike cyane, harimo ijambo ryanditse ku giti.

Kuva icyo gihe, ibibazo byinshi byavutse ku byaba byarabaye kuri abo bantu. Hari ibitekerezo bitandukanye, ariko amateka ntiyigeze atanga igisubizo cyuzuye ku byabaye kuri buri wese muri bo.

7. Nan Madol – Umujyi wubatswe mu nyanja

Mu birwa bya Micronesia, mu nyanja ya Pasifika, hari ahantu hadasanzwe hazwi nka Nan Madol.

Ni ahantu hubatswe inyubako nyinshi hakoreshejwe amabuye manini, hagati y'ibirwa bito n'amazi. Yigeze kuba ikigo cy'ubutegetsi n'imibereho y'abaturage bo muri ako karere.

Nyuma y'igihe, ibikorwa byaho byaragabanutse, maze ahantu henshi hasigara ari amatongo.

Uyu munsi Nan Madol iracyatangaza abashakashatsi n'abasura kubera uburyo yubatswemo ndetse n'aho iherereye.

8. Atlantis – Umujyi ukomeje kuba amayobera

Nta rutonde nk'uru rwaba rwuzuye tutavuze Atlantis.

Atlantis yavuzwe bwa mbere n'umwanditsi w'umugereki Plato, wayivuze nk'ahantu hakomeye cyane haje kuzimira mu nyanja.

Ikibazo gikomeye ni iki: ese Atlantis yari umujyi wabayeho koko?

Kugeza ubu nta gihamya yemewe n'abahanga yerekana ko Atlantis yabayeho nk'uko Plato yayivuze. Ni yo mpamvu ikomeza gufatwa nk'inkuru y'amayobera cyangwa umugani w'amateka, aho kuba umujyi wemejwe n'ubucukumbuzi.

Wasoma n'iyi: Ibyo wamenya k'umujyi wabuze wa Atlantis

Kuki ibintu byinshi byo mu mateka byazimiye?

Hari impamvu nyinshi. Intambara, imitingito, iruka ry'ibirunga, imyuzure, izamuka ry'amazi, imihindagurikire y'ikirere ndetse no kuba abantu barimutse ahantu hamwe bajya ahandi byagiye bituma imijyi imwe isenyuka cyangwa igasigara idatuwe.

Hari n'igihe abantu bagenda bakibagirwa ahantu hahoze hari umujyi, maze kamere ikawutwikira.

Igitangaje ni uko ibyo twibwira ko byazimiye burundu bishobora kongera kuboneka nyuma y'imyaka amagana cyangwa ibihumbi.

Inkuru z'ahantu hazimiye zitwereka ko amateka atari ibitabo gusa. Amatongo, inyubako zishyinguwe, ibikoresho n'ibisigazwa biri munsi y'amazi cyangwa mu mashyamba na byo ni ibitabo by'amateka.

Pompeii yatwikiriwe n'ivu, Heracleion irengerwa n'amazi, Tikal itwikirwa n'ishyamba, naho Roanoke isiga amayobera. Buri hamwe muri aha hantu haduha igice cy'inkuru y'uko abantu babayeho mbere yacu.

Kandi ahari n'ubu, hari ibindi bintu by'amateka bikiri munsi y'ivu, munsi y'amazi cyangwa mu mashyamba, dutegereje kuzongera kubivumbura.