Intambara y’isi ya mbere (World War I) yabaye intambara ikomeye mu mateka y’isi, aho yatumye habaho impinduka zikomeye mu by’ubukungu, politiki, ndetse n’imibanire y’abantu ku isi. Yatangiye mu mwaka wa 1914 ikarangira mu 1918, aho ibihugu byinshi byari bifitanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye n'ubwumvikane, ariko nyuma bikaza kwinjira mu ntambara ikomeye. Imiryango n’ibihugu byahungabanyijwe cyane, n'ingaruka zabyo zigaragara kugeza n’ubu. Uyu ni umwanya wo gusuzuma impamvu zateye iyi ntambara n’uko byagenze kugeza intambara irangiye.

Impamvu zateye intambara y’isi ya mbere

Militarisme n'ihinduka ry'intwaro

Mu gihe cy'imyaka yari ibanziriza intambara, ibihugu byo mu Burayi byari byarihaye gukomeza kongera imbaraga mu bijyanye n’ingabo n’intwaro. Buri gihugu cyashakaga kugira ubushobozi bwo kwirinda no gukomeza gushyira imbere ubushobozi bwo kurwana. Ibi byatumye haba urugendo rwo kuzamura ubukungu bw'ingabo n'ibikoresho byazo, bituma ibihugu byishyiriraho ibihano bikomeye by’umutekano n’imikoranire hagati yabyo.

Amasezerano y’ubufatanye n'ubwiru bw'intambara

Buri gihugu cyari gifite amasezerano y’ubufatanye n’ibindi, by'umwihariko hagati y’ubufaransa, ubwongereza, n’ubudage. Aya masezerano yabaye intandaro y’ibibazo byinshi, kuko byatumye ibihugu bimwe bishaka kurengera inyungu zabyo, bigashyira imbere gukomeza amasezerano y’ubufatanye, ndetse no kugira uruhare mu ntambara ya nyuma. Ibi byarushijeho gutuma habaho gutegura intambara, aho ibihugu byinshi byashyigikiraga amasezerano y’ubufatanye hagati yabyo, bikaba byarashyize hamwe kugira ngo bibashe kugera ku ntego z'ubutware.

Ubwigenge bw'abaturage n'imibereho y’abanyamahanga

Ubwiyunge bwa politiki n'ubusugire bw’abaturage bwagiye bwifashishwa mu kwerekana ko ibihugu byose bikeneye gukomeza guharanira ubwigenge. Abaturage barushijeho kugira ibyifuzo byo kwigenga ndetse no kwiharira ubuyobozi bwabo. Muri Balkan, ku isonga rya Serbiya, abaturage bashakaga kwihuriza hamwe kugira ngo bagere ku bwigenge, maze bigera aho bihuza n’ubutware bwa Austro-Hungary, bigatuma habaho urupfu rwa Archduke Franz Ferdinand, umuyobozi w’umuryango wa Austro-Hungary, watumye ibintu birushaho gukomera.

Imperialisme n’ihangana mu gukoloniza

Buri gihugu cyari gifite inyungu mu gukoloniza ibihugu bitafashwe, by'umwihariko muri Afurika na Aziya. Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza n’Ubudage byari byarashatse kugabana ibihugu mu bice bitandukanye bya Afurika, bigatuma habaho ubushyamirane hagati yabyo, n’ubwiyunge bw’intambara bwari buteye mu buryo butazwi. Ubu bushyamirane bwatumye habaho guhangana ku byerekeye uburyo bw’imishinga n’imibereho ya politiki muri ibyo bihugu.

Kwica Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Intambara ya mbere y’isi yatangijwe n’urupfu rwa Archduke Franz Ferdinand, umuyobozi w'umuryango wa Austro-Hungary, wishwe ku itariki ya 28 Kamena 1914 i Sarajevo. Ibi byabaye intandaro y’ibihugu byinshi kwinjira mu ntambara kuko byaje kuba igitutu gikomeye ku bihugu byinshi byari bifitanye imikoranire n'Austro-Hungary, birimo na Serbiya, aho abicanyi bakomokaga. Ibi byaje guhindura isura y’isi yose, maze intambara iratangira.

Amateka y’intambara mbere yuko iba

Imiterere ya politiki y’uburayi

Mu myaka ya mbere y’intambara, ibihugu by’Uburayi byari bifite imyumvire itandukanye ku byerekeye uburyo bwo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’umutekano w’ibihugu. Ubudage bwari bufite intego yo gukomeza kugira ubukungu bukomeye kandi bwihutira gushaka gukoloniza ibihugu byinshi, mu gihe Ubufaransa n’Ubwongereza byari bishyigikiye gahunda yo kurinda ibihugu byabyo. Ibi byateye impinduka ku buryo bw’imikorere n’imibanire hagati y’ibihugu.

Ibikorwa by'Ingenzi byayoboye ku ntambara

Ibintu bitandukanye byagiye bibaho mbere y’intambara byatumye habaho ubushyamirane bukomeye hagati y’ibihugu. Ibihugu byinshi byagiye bishyira imbere inyungu z’ibihugu byabo, maze bitangira kuganira ku buryo bwo gutangiza intambara. Ibi byose byabaye ishingiro ry’intambara, nyuma y’ihagarikwa ry’ubwumvikane hagati y’ibihugu.

Ibihe by’amaherezo ya Kamena 1914 (The July Crisis)

Igihe cy’ibibazo bikomeye byabaye mu kwezi kwa Kamena 1914 cyari ikiganiro kinini hagati y’ibihugu byinshi. Amakuru yose yerekeye ibyemezo byafashwe byatumye intambara ikurikirana, aho ibihugu byinshi byarushijeho kujya ku rugamba kugira ngo birwane ku inyungu zabyo. Ubudage bwatangije ibitero bihungabanya ibintu byose.

Intambara z’ingenzi n’imirwano y’isi ya mbere

Umurongo wa mbere w'intambara (Western Front)

Mu Burayi bw’Uburengerazuba, habayeho imirwano ikomeye hagati y’ingabo z’Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza n’Ubudage. Iyi mirwano yakomeje hagati y’ibihugu byari bihanganye, mu gihe habaga kubwiriza ibikoresho no kuzamura ubushobozi bw’ingabo. Ibi byabaye impamvu yo kugerageza ubuhanga bw’ingabo mu kubura intwaro zishobora guhindura ibintu byose.

Umurongo wa mbere w'intambara (Eastern Front)

Kuri iyi mirongo, habayeho ibikorwa by’intambara hagati ya Austro-Hungary n’ingabo za Serbiya. Ibi byagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma habaho imirwano ikomeye no kugabanya ingufu z’ibihugu bimwe.

Izindi ntambara zikomeye

Muri Afurika, Aziya, na Pasifika, habayeho imirwano itandukanye hagati y’ingabo zitandukanye. Ibi byatumye habaho imivuduko y’intambara no kugabanya ubukungu bw’ibihugu bitari bihanganye ku buryo bugaragara.

Ingaruka z’intambara ya mbere y’isi

Igihombo mu bantu n'ubuzima bw’abaturage

Intambara ya mbere y’isi yatumye abantu miliyoni 16 bahasiga ubuzima, abandi benshi bagakomereka. Uburyo bw’imibereho bwahungabanye ku buryo bwose, hamwe n’ingaruka z'ubuzima bubi.

Ingaruka z’ubukungu n’imibereho

Iyi ntambara yatumye ubukungu bw’ibihugu byinshi buba bwiza no kugira ibibazo byo kugera ku ntego zabyo. Amateka y’ubukungu bwaratikiye kandi hakurikiraho kongera kwiga uburyo bw’imibereho.

Impinduka mu butegetsi n’amasezerano ya Versailles

Ibihugu byatangiye gukora impinduka z’ukuntu bibona ubutware, ndetse amasezerano ya Versailles yashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kwemeza ubwigenge bw’ibihugu bimwe, ariko n’ubuyobozi bw’ibindi byayoborwaga.