Iyo ufunguye telefoni yawe ukabona ko ifite 128 GB, 256 GB cyangwa se 512 GB, birashoboka ko ubifata nk’ikintu gisanzwe. Ushobora gufata ifoto, ukayibika, ugakuramo video, ukabika filime cyangwa ukamanura application utabanje kwibaza aho ayo makuru yose abikwa.

Ariko hari igihe ibintu bitari bimeze gutyo.

Hari igihe kubika amakuru make cyane byasabaga ibikoresho binini, biremereye kandi bihenze. Mudasobwa imwe yashoboraga kugira storage ya megabytes nke cyane, mu gihe telefoni dusanzwe dutwara mu mufuka uyu munsi ishobora kubika amakuru aruta kure ibyo ibikoresho bya mbere byashoboraga kubika.

None se twageze dute kuri ibi?

Reka dusubire inyuma turebe urugendo rwatumye “storage” iva ku makarita yacukurwamo utwobo ikagera kuri memory cards, SSD ndetse no ku makuru abikwa muri Cloud.

Mbere ya mudasobwa: amakuru yabikwaga mu buryo budasanzwe

Mbere y’uko habaho storage nk’izo tuzi uyu munsi, abantu bakoreshaga uburyo butandukanye bwo kubika amakuru. Hari n’uburyo bwakoraga hifashishijwe impapuro cyangwa ibikoresho byandikwaho ibimenyetso.

Mu gihe mudasobwa zatangiraga gukwira, imwe mu nzira zakoreshejwe cyane ni “punch cards”.

Ayo makarita yabaga afite utwobo twakoreshwaga mu guhagararira amakuru. Mudasobwa yashoboraga gusoma aho utwobo turi ikamenya amakuru ari kuri iyo karita.

Byumvikana nk’ikintu cyoroshye uyu munsi, ariko icyo gihe byari intambwe ikomeye cyane mu gutuma imashini zibasha kubika no gutunganya amakuru.

Ikibazo cyari kimwe: ayo makarita yari manini, kandi kubika amakuru menshi byasabaga amakarita menshi cyane.

Ni bwo ikoranabuhanga ryatangiraga gushaka uburyo bwo kubika amakuru menshi ahantu hato.

Magnetic tape: amakuru atangira kujya ku murongo

Nyuma haje “magnetic tape”.

Ubu buryo bwakoreshaga kaseti imeze nk’umugozi muremure ubikaho amakuru hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa magnetic.

Nubwo uyu munsi ushobora guhita utekereza kuri kaseti z’umuziki, magnetic tape yakoreshejwe cyane no kubika amakuru ya mudasobwa.

Yari ifite akarusho gakomeye: yashoboraga kubika amakuru menshi kurusha uburyo bwari bwarayibanjirije kandi igakoreshwa mu kubika amakuru igihe kirekire.

Kandi n’uyu munsi, magnetic tape ntirazimira burundu. Iracyakoreshwa cyane mu kubika no kurinda amakuru menshi cyane, cyane cyane mu bigo bifite data nyinshi.

Ariko hari ikintu kimwe abantu batari bazi icyo gihe: disk yari hafi guhindura byose.

1956: Hard Disk iza ihindura amateka

Mu 1956, IBM yashyize hanze IBM 350 Disk Storage Unit, izwi cyane nka RAMAC.

Yari nini cyane ku buryo kuyigereranya na hard disk yo muri laptop cyangwa desktop ya none bisa nk’ibintu bibiri bitandukanye.

Ariko igitangaje kurushaho ni ubushobozi bwayo.

Yabikaga hafi 5 MB gusa.

5 MB!

Uyu munsi, ifoto imwe nziza ishobora kwegera cyangwa kurenga ubunini bw’amadosiye menshi icyo gihe yabikwaga n’imashini yose.

Computer History Museum igaragaza RAMAC nk’imwe mu ntambwe zikomeye mu mateka ya magnetic disk storage.

Ariko icyo gihe 5 MB yari intambwe ikomeye cyane.

Ikoranabuhanga ryari ritangiye kwiga uburyo bwo gushyira amakuru menshi ahantu hato.

Floppy disk: storage itangira kugera ku bantu basanzwe

Nyuma haje floppy disk.

Abantu bakuze cyangwa abakoresheje computers zo hambere bashobora kuba bayibuka: disk yoroheje, washyiraga muri computer kugira ngo ubike cyangwa ufungure files.

Floppy disks zabaye uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kwimura amakuru hagati ya computers.

3.5-inch floppy disk izwi cyane yari ifite ubushobozi bwa 1.44 MB.

Iyo ugereranyije na 128 GB ya telefoni ya none, iyo mibare irasa nk’aho itangaje.

Ariko floppy disk yari ingenzi cyane kuko yatumaga umuntu ashobora gutwara files ze akazijyana kuri indi computer atagombye gutwara computer yose.

Storage yari itangiye kuba portable.

CD: igihe storage yatangiye kuba digital ku buryo bushimishije

Haje CD.

Mu ntangiriro, abantu benshi bayamenyereye cyane mu muziki. Ariko CDs zanakoreshejwe mu kubika software, documents, amafoto n’andi makuru.

CD isanzwe ishobora kubika hafi 700 MB.

Ibi byari intambwe nini ugereranyije na floppy disk ya 1.44 MB.

Kandi nyuma haje DVD, ishobora kubika amakuru menshi kurushaho.

Mu gihe floppy yari ikubwira ngo “file nini ntijyamo”, CD na DVD byatumye kubika software, amafoto na videos biba ibintu bisanzwe kurushaho.

Ariko na bwo, storage yari igifite ikibazo: discs zarashoboraga gushwanyuka, zigashwarara cyangwa zikangirika.

Hari hakenewe ikintu gito, gikomeye kandi cyoroshye gutwara.

USB Flash Drive: storage itangira kujya mu mufuka

Hanyuma haza USB flash drive.

Ni ya “flash” ushobora kuba warigeze gukoresha kuri computer kugira ngo wimure files.

Nta disk izunguruka, nta kaseti ndende kandi nta CD usabwa gutwara.

Amakuru abikwa muri flash memory.

Computer History Museum igaragaza ko ahagana mu 2000, USB flash “sticks” zatangiye gusimbura disks mu kubika no gutwara amakuru kuri computers.

Ibi byari ingenzi cyane.

Storage yari itangiye kuba nto cyane ariko ifite ubushobozi bwiyongera buri mwaka.

Kandi aho ni ho memory cards zatangiriye kugira uruhare rukomeye.

Memory card: storage nto cyane, ariko ifite ubushobozi bunini

Memory card yahinduye cyane uburyo abantu bakoresha telefoni, cameras n’ibindi bikoresho.

Mu mwaka wa 2000, SD memory card yatangiye gukwira nk’umwe mu buryo bw’ingenzi bwo kubika amakuru kuri devices nto.

Ikarita ya mbere ya SD yari ifite 8 MB gusa.

Uyu munsi iyo 8 MB ushobora kuyibona nk’ubushobozi buto cyane.

Ariko reba uko ibintu byagiye bihinduka.

SD standard yageze kuri 2 GB.

SDHC izamura ubushobozi kugeza kuri 32 GB.

SDXC izamura ubushobozi kugeza kuri 2 TB.

Hanyuma SDUC iza gushyigikira ubushobozi burenga 2 TB kugeza kuri 128 TB.

Tekereza kuri ibyo.

Memory card nto cyane ushobora gushyira mu gikoresho gito ishobora, ku rwego rwa standard, kugera ku bushobozi bwa 128 TB.

Ni urugendo rudasanzwe kuva kuri 8 MB kugeza ku rwego rwa 128 TB.

Ikirenzeho, ntabwo ari ubushobozi gusa bwiyongereye. Umuvuduko wo gusoma no kwandika amakuru nawo warazamutse cyane. SD Association ivuga ko SD Express ishobora gukoresha PCIe/NVMe kandi igatanga umuvuduko uri ku rwego rwa gigabytes nyinshi ku isegonda mu bisekuru bishya.

HDD: storage iba nyinshi cyane

Mu gihe memory cards na USB byari byoroshye gutwara, hard disk drives, cyangwa HDD, zo zakomeje kuba ingenzi cyane kuri computers.

HDD ikoresha disks zizenguruka imbere muri yo, hamwe n’ibice bisoma kandi byandika amakuru.

Ni yo mpamvu laptop cyangwa desktop ifite HDD ishobora kugira storage ya 500 GB, 1 TB, 2 TB cyangwa irenga.

Ikoranabuhanga rya HDD ryagiye ritera imbere mu buryo bukomeye. Computer History Museum igaragaza ko mu myaka yakurikiyeho ubushobozi bwo kubika amakuru kuri magnetic disks bwakomeje kwiyongera cyane.

Ariko HDD yari ifite ikibazo kimwe gikomeye: kubera ko ifite ibice byimuka, ntabwo yari yihuta nka technology yaje kuyisimbura mu bice byinshi.

SSD: nta disk izunguruka, ariko computer ikagenda vuba

Hanyuma SSD iza guhindura cyane uburyo computers zibika amakuru.

SSD, cyangwa “Solid State Drive”, ntabwo ikoresha disk izunguruka nka HDD. Ikoresha flash memory.

Ibi bituma SSD iba yihuta cyane mu bikorwa byinshi bya buri munsi, kandi nta bice byimuka bigira uruhare mu gusoma no kwandika amakuru.

Ni yo mpamvu iyo ushyize SSD muri computer yari isanzwe ikoresha HDD, ushobora kubona itandukaniro rinini mu gihe computer itangirira, ifungura applications cyangwa ikora ku mafayili.

Kandi ubushobozi bwa SSD nabwo bwagiye bwiyongera.

Ubu ushobora kubona SSD za 256 GB, 512 GB, 1 TB, 2 TB n’izirenzeho.

Storage ntiyari ikiri ikibazo cyo kubika file gusa.

Noneho ikibazo cyari gitangiye kuba: “Twayibika he kugira ngo tuyigereho aho turi hose?”

Cloud: amakuru ava muri computer ajya kuri Internet

Aha ni ho Cloud Storage yinjiye.

Iyo ukoresheje serivisi zo kubika files kuri Internet, file yawe ntabwo iba iri gusa kuri laptop cyangwa telefoni yawe.

Ishobora kubikwa kuri servers z’ikigo kiri ahandi, ukayigeraho ukoresheje Internet.

Computer History Museum igaragaza ko mu 2006 Amazon yatangaje uburyo bwo kubika amakuru kure ku giciro gito, ibintu byagize uruhare mu iterambere rya cloud storage.

Ibi byahinduye imyumvire y’abantu kuri storage.

Mbere wasangaga umuntu avuga ati:

“File yanjye iri kuri computer yanjye.”

Nyuma yatangiye kuvuga ati:

“File yanjye iri kuri Cloud.”

Ibyo bivuze ko ushobora kuba ufite ifoto yafatiwe i Kigali, ikabikwa kuri server iri ahandi ku isi, hanyuma ukongera kuyibona ukoresheje telefoni yawe cyangwa indi computer.

Storage yari imaze kuva mu bikoresho by’umuntu igera ku rwego rw’imiyoboro minini ya Internet.

wasoma n'iyi: Cloud Computing ni iki? Kuki ibigo byinshi biyikoresha?

None se tugeze he?

Iyo urebye urugendo rwose, ushobora kubona ikintu kimwe gitangaje.

Mbere twakoreshaga ibintu binini kugira ngo tubike amakuru make.

Uyu munsi dukoresha ibintu bito cyane kugira ngo tubike amakuru menshi cyane.

SD card ya mbere yari ifite 8 MB.

Uyu munsi standard ya SDUC iteganya memory cards zishobora kugera kuri 128 TB.

Kandi hari indi mpinduka ikomeye: storage ntabwo yongereye ubushobozi gusa, ahubwo yongereye n’umuvuduko.

SD Express, SSDs zigezweho ndetse n’izindi technologies nshya zituma amakuru asomwa kandi akandikwa ku muvuduko udashobora kugereranywa n’uw’ibikoresho bya kera.

Ariko urugendo ntirurangiriye kuri SSD na Cloud

Ikibazo gikomeye ubu si ukumenya niba dushobora kubika amakuru menshi.

Ni ukumenya uko tuzabika amakuru menshi kurushaho mu gihe kizaza.

AI, amashusho ya 4K na 8K, imikino igezweho, videos nyinshi, cameras zikomeye ndetse n’ibigo bikoresha amakuru menshi cyane byose bituma hakenerwa storage nyinshi kandi yihuta.

Ni yo mpamvu storage ikomeje guhinduka.

Iyo witegereje memory card ntoya iri muri telefoni cyangwa camera yawe, ushobora kuyibona nk’agace gato k’ikoranabuhanga.

Ariko amateka yayo ni maremare cyane.

Yaturutse ku makarita yacukurwamo utwobo, inyura kuri magnetic tape, hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, USB flash drives, memory cards na SSD, kugeza kuri Cloud ibika amakuru kuri servers ziri hirya no hino ku isi.

Kandi ahari igitangaje kurusha ibindi ni uko ibyo twita “storage nini” uyu munsi bishobora kuba ari byo bizaba bifatwa nk’akantu gato cyane mu gihe kizaza.

Kuko mu ikoranabuhanga, ikintu kimwe gisa nk’aho kidahinduka: ibyo twatekerezaga ko ari byinshi cyane, ejo bishobora kuba bike cyane.