Iyo wumvise ko igihugu gifite zahabu nyinshi, amabuye ya Diamond, Cobalt, Copper cyangwa andi mabuye y’agaciro menshi, ushobora guhita wibwira ko abaturage bacyo bagomba kuba bafite ubuzima bwiza kandi bafite amafaranga menshi.

Ariko mu by’ukuri, si ko bigenda buri gihe.

Hari ibihugu bifite umutungo kamere ukomeye cyane, ariko abaturage benshi bakaba bagifite imibereho itoroshye. Ibi byatumye habaho ikibazo gikunze kwitwa “resource curse”, aho umutungo kamere mwinshi udahindura ubukire bw’abaturage. Ariko se bibaho bite?

1. Kuba igihugu gifite umutungo ntibivuze ko amafaranga awugwamo ahita agera ku baturage

Amabuye y’agaciro ashobora kuba menshi mu butaka, ariko kuyacukura, kuyatunganya no kuyageza ku isoko bisaba amafaranga menshi, ikoranabuhanga n’abakozi bafite ubumenyi.

Nanone amafaranga ava muri uwo mutungo ashobora kugabanywa hagati ya Leta, companies zicukura, abashoramari n’abandi bafite uruhare mu bikorwa byo kuyacukura.

Ibyo bivuze ko kuba igihugu gifite zahabu nyinshi bitavuze ko buri muturage azahabwa amafaranga kubera iyo zahabu.

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2. Umutungo ushobora kujya hanze utunganyijwe bike

Mu bihugu bimwe, amabuye y’agaciro acukurwa akoherezwa mu bindi bihugu aho agenda gutunganyirizwa.

Iyo ibi bibaye, igihugu gishobora kubona amafaranga yo kugurisha raw materials, ariko ntikibone agaciro kose kaba kari mu kuyatunganya no gukora ibicuruzwa biva muri ayo mabuye.

Urugero, kugira cobalt mu butaka ni ikintu kimwe; kugira industries zikoresha cobalt mu gukora ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini ni ikindi.

Ni yo mpamvu gutunga umutungo kamere gusa bidahagije. Igihugu gikeneye n’ubushobozi bwo kuwubyaza umusaruro ufite agaciro kanini.

3. Amafaranga ashobora kutagera aho akenewe cyane

Iyo amafaranga ava mu mabuye y’agaciro adashowe neza, ashobora kutagira uruhare runini mu kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage.

Igihugu gishobora kubona amafaranga menshi, ariko niba adashorwa mu burezi, ubuzima, ibikorwa remezo, amashanyarazi, amazi n’ibindi bikorwa bifasha abaturage, ubukungu bw’abo baturage bushobora gukomeza kuba bubi.

Ikibazo rero si gusa “igihugu gifite amafaranga angahe?”, ahubwo ni “ayo mafaranga akoreshwa ate?”

4. Corruption ishobora kugabanya inyungu z’umutungo kamere

Umutungo kamere ushobora gutanga amafaranga menshi, ariko corruption n’imicungire mibi bishobora gutuma igice cy’ayo mafaranga kitagera ku bikorwa bigenewe abaturage.

Iyo amafaranga yagombaga gufasha mu kubaka amashuri, ibitaro cyangwa imihanda atakoreshejwe neza, abaturage ntibabona impinduka zikomeye nubwo igihugu kiba gifite umutungo munini.

5. Amabuye y’agaciro ntahora afite igiciro kimwe

Igiciro cy’amabuye y’agaciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga gishobora kuzamuka cyangwa kikagabanuka bitewe n’uko ibintu bimeze ku isoko.

Iyo igiciro cy’ibuye runaka kigabanutse cyane, igihugu cyari gisanzwe gishingiye kuri uwo mutungo gishobora gutakaza amafaranga menshi.

Ni yo mpamvu ubukungu bw’igihugu bushingiye cyane ku kintu kimwe bushobora kuba bufite ibyago byinshi.

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6. Ubukungu bukomeye ntibushingira ku bucukuzi gusa

Igihugu gishobora kuba gifite amabuye y’agaciro menshi, ariko kigakenera n’ubundi bukungu bukora neza.

Ubuhinzi, inganda, ubucuruzi, ikoranabuhanga, services, ubwikorezi n’ubukerarugendo bishobora gufasha igihugu kugira amasoko menshi y’amafaranga.

Iyo igihugu gishingiye cyane ku mabuye y’agaciro, ikibazo gishobora kuvuka igihe umusaruro wayo wagabanutse cyangwa isoko rikahinduka.

7. Umutungo kamere ushobora guteza amakimbirane

Mu bice bimwe by’isi, kuba hari umutungo kamere mwinshi byagiye bifasha guteza amakimbirane hagati y’amatsinda cyangwa abafite inyungu zitandukanye.

Iyo umutekano uhungabanye, ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi biragabanuka, investments zigahagarara kandi abaturage bakagira ubuzima bugoye.

Ibi bituma umutungo wari ukwiye gufasha igihugu gutera imbere ushobora ahubwo kuba intandaro y’ibibazo bikomeye.

8. Ikintu gikomeye ni uburyo umutungo ucungwa

Kuba igihugu gifite amabuye y’agaciro ni amahirwe, ariko uburyo ayo mahirwe akoreshwa ni bwo bushobora kugira icyo buhindura ku buzima bw’abaturage.

Igihugu gishobora gukoresha amafaranga ava mu mutungo kamere mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo, guteza imbere amashuri n’ubuzima, gushyigikira industries no gushora mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.

Iyo ibyo bikozwe neza, umutungo kamere ushobora kuba moteri y’iterambere.

Iyo udacunzwe neza, ushobora gusigira igihugu ibibazo birimo ubukungu budahagaze neza, kutangana kw’amahirwe n’ubukene.

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Kuba igihugu gifite zahabu, Diamond, Cobalt cyangwa andi mabuye y’agaciro menshi si garanti y’uko abaturage bacyo bazaba abakire.

Ubukire nyakuri busaba byinshi kurusha kugira umutungo munsi y’ubutaka. Bisaba kuwucunga neza, kuwubyaza umusaruro, kongera agaciro k’ibikorwa bikomokaho, gushora amafaranga mu baturage no kugira ubukungu butandukanye.

Mu yandi magambo, ikibazo si gusa “Igihugu gifite iki munsi y’ubutaka?”

Ikibazo gikomeye ni “Igihugu gikoresha gite ibyo gifite kugira ngo abaturage babone inyungu zabyo?”

Ni ho itandukaniro riri hagati y’igihugu gifite umutungo mwinshi n’igihugu gishobora kuwukoresha kugira ngo abaturage babone ubuzima bwiza.