Iyo umuntu avuze ati "mfite A+" cyangwa "mfite O-", benshi bumva ari ikimenyetso gusa cyandikwa ku rupapuro rw'ibizamini. Ariko ayo magambo aba avuga byinshi ku bwoko bw'amaraso umuntu afite, kandi ashobora kuba ingenzi cyane igihe umuntu akeneye guterwa amaraso.

Amaraso y'abantu ntabwo ahuye yose. Hari amoko atandukanye, kandi kuyamenya bifasha abaganga kumenya amaraso ashobora guhabwa umurwayi mu buryo butekanye.

Amoko y'amaraso ni ayahe?

Hari amoko ane y'ingenzi azwi muri gahunda ya ABO: A, B, AB na O. Itandukaniro rishingira ku bimenyetso byitwa antigens biboneka hejuru y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura.

• A iba ifite antigen A.
• B iba ifite antigen B.
• AB iba ifite A na B.
• O nta A cyangwa B antigen iba ifite ku turemangingo tw'amaraso atukura.

Ariko ntibirangirira aho. Hari n'ikindi kimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyitwa RhD.

Iyo RhD ihari, amaraso aba Rh-positive (+); iyo idahari, aba Rh-negative (-). Ni yo mpamvu habaho amoko umunani akunze kuvugwa: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+ na O-.

Kuki kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso ari ingenzi?

Impamvu ikomeye ni igihe umuntu akeneye guterwa amaraso.

Amaraso ntabwo aterwa umuntu uko abonetse. Abaganga babanza kureba ubwoko bw'amaraso ndetse bagakora ibizamini byo kureba niba amaraso y'umuterankunga ahuye n'ay'umurwayi. Gutera amaraso adahuye bishobora gutera umubiri kuyanga kandi bigateza ikibazo gikomeye.

Dore uko ubwoko bw'amaraso bushobora guhabwa cyangwa gutanga uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura:

Iyi mbonerahamwe ireba cyane cyane uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura, kuko uburyo bwo guhuza plasma bwo butandukanye.

O- izwi nka universal red-cell donor kuko uturemangingo twayo dushobora guhabwa abantu bo mu yandi moko yose mu bihe bikwiye. AB+ na yo izwi nka universal recipient ku turemangingo tw'amaraso atukura, kuko ishobora kwakira uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'amoko yose.

Icyakora, ibi ntibivuze ko ibitaro bihita bikoresha ayo mategeko gusa. Ibizamini byo guhuza amaraso bikorwa mbere yo guterwa amaraso, kugira ngo harebwe neza ko amaraso ahuye n'umurwayi.

Rh-positive na Rh-negative bigira akahe kamaro?

Ikimenyetso cya + cyangwa - ntigisobanura ko umuntu arwaye cyangwa ko umwe afite amaraso "meza" kurusha undi. Ni ikimenyetso cyerekana gusa niba RhD antigen ihari cyangwa idahari ku turemangingo tw'amaraso.

Ariko RhD ishobora kugira akamaro kanini mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Urugero, iyo umubyeyi afite RhD-negative ariko umwana akaba RhD-positive, bishobora gutuma umubiri w'umubyeyi ukora antibodies zishobora kwibasira uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umwana. Ni yo mpamvu abagore batwite bapimwa ubwoko bw'amaraso n'izo antibodies mu gihe cyo gukurikirana inda.

Ibi ntabwo bivuze ko buri mugore ufite Rh-negative azagira ikibazo mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ahubwo ni impamvu abaganga babikurikiranira hafi kugira ngo bafate ingamba zikwiye igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Ese ubwoko bw'amaraso umuntu abuvana he?

Ubwoko bw'amaraso buragwa. Umuntu abuhabwa binyuze ku turemangingo tw'irondakoko aturuka ku babyeyi be. Ni yo mpamvu ubwoko bw'amaraso bw'umwana bushobora gutandukana n'ubwa nyina cyangwa se, bitewe n'uko ibyo bimenyetso byarazwe.

Kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe rero ntabwo bisaba kubwibwira. Isuzuma ry'amaraso ni ryo ryemeza neza ubwoko bwawe.

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Kuki gutanga amaraso bifite akamaro?

Hari abantu benshi bashobora gukenera guterwa amaraso kubera impanuka, kubagwa, uburwayi cyangwa izindi mpamvu z'ubuvuzi. Ibi bituma ibitaro bikenera amaraso y'amoko atandukanye.

Ntabwo ari O- gusa ikenewe. Amaraso y'amoko yose arakenewe, kuko abarwayi na bo baba bafite amoko atandukanye. Ikigo cya American Red Cross kandi kigaragaza ko O- ikenerwa cyane mu bihe byihutirwa, mu gihe O+ na yo ikenerwa cyane kubera ko ari imwe mu moko akunze kuboneka.

Hari n'ikindi abantu benshi batamenya: hari ibindi bimenyetso birenga 300 bishobora kuboneka ku turemangingo tw'amaraso, bivuze ko sisitemu ya ABO na Rh atari zo zonyine zigena itandukaniro ry'amaraso. Ibi ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma guhuza amaraso bikorwa n'abahanga muri laboratwari mbere yo guterwa.

Amaraso y'umuntu ashobora kuba A, B, AB cyangwa O, hanyuma akongerwaho Rh-positive cyangwa Rh-negative. Iri tandukaniro rishobora gusa n'ikintu gito, ariko riba ingenzi cyane igihe umuntu akeneye guterwa amaraso cyangwa igihe abaganga bakurikirana inda.

Kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni amakuru meza ku buzima bwawe, ariko icy'ingenzi kurushaho ni uko guhuza amaraso bikorwa n'abaganga n'abakozi ba laboratwari, kuko amaraso agomba kuba ahuye neza n'umurwayi mbere yo guterwa.

Kandi niba umuntu yemerewe gutanga amaraso, gutanga amaraso y'ubwoko bwe bishobora gufasha undi muntu uyakeneye. Nta bwoko bw'amaraso budafite akamaro.