Iyo umuntu arwaye, akenshi twumva bavuga ko yanduye bagiteri cyangwa virusi. Hari n’abatekereza ko ibyo byombi ari kimwe, kuko bishobora gutera indwara. Nyamara bagiteri na virusi biratandukanye cyane mu miterere, mu buryo byororoka no mu ngaruka bigira ku buzima bw’abantu.

Igitangaje kurushaho ni uko bagiteri zose atari mbi. Zimwe muri zo zifasha umubiri gukora neza, mu gihe izindi zishobora kuwutera indwara. Virusi na zo si zose zitera indwara abantu, kuko hari n’izifite uruhare mu mikorere y’ibidukikije.

Bagiteri ni iki?

Bagiteri ni ibinyabuzima bito cyane bidashobora kubonwa n’amaso asanzwe. Buri bagiteri igizwe n’akaremangingo kamwe kandi ishobora kubaho no kororoka ubwayo iyo iri ahantu hayifasha gukura.

Ziboneka hafi ya hose: mu butaka, mu mazi, mu biribwa, ku ruhu ndetse no mu mubiri w’umuntu. Hari izibaho nta kibazo ziteye, izifasha ibindi binyabuzima n’izishobora gutera indwara.

Ni akahe kamaro ka bagiteri?

Mu mara y’umuntu habamo bagiteri nyinshi zifasha mu igogorwa ry’ibiryo no mu mikorere y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Zimwe zifasha gukora vitamine zimwe na zimwe, nka vitamine K, mu gihe izindi zifasha kugabanya amahirwe y’uko bagiteri zitera indwara zororokera mu mara.

Bagiteri zifite akamaro no hanze y’umubiri. Zimwe zikoreshwa mu gukora ibiribwa nka yawurute, izindi zigafasha mu kubora kw’ibisigazwa by’ibimera n’inyamaswa, bigatuma intungamubiri zisubira mu butaka. Hari n’izifasha ibimera kubona intungamubiri bikenera kugira ngo bikure.

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi za bagiteri?

Nubwo nyinshi zidateza ikibazo, hari bagiteri zishobora kwinjira mu mubiri zigatera indwara. Urugero ni izitera igituntu, kolera, tifoyide n’indwara zimwe zo mu miyoboro y’inkari.

Zimwe zangiza uturemangingo tw’umubiri, izindi zigakora uburozi bushobora gutuma umuntu arwara. Bagiteri zimwe zishobora no kwanduza ibiribwa, bigatera impiswi, kuruka cyangwa ubundi burwayi.

Virusi ni iki?

Virusi ni uduce duto cyane turimo amakuru y'imiterere yabyo, ari yo ADN cyangwa ARN, dukikijwe n’igice cya poroteyine. Zimwe ziba zifite n’igice cyo hanze gikozwe mu binure.

Bitandukanye na bagiteri, virusi ntishobora kwororoka yonyine. Kugira ngo yiyongere, igomba kwinjira mu karemangingo k’ikindi kinyabuzima, igakoresha ibikoresho byako mu gukora izindi virusi.

Ni yo mpamvu virusi zimwe zishobora kwinjira mu turemangingo tw’umuntu zigatera indwara.

Ni izihe ndwara ziterwa na virusi?

Virusi zishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye, zirimo ibicurane, COVID-19, iseru, Ebola, SIDA iterwa na HIV ndetse n’izindi.

Uko virusi igira ingaruka ku mubiri biterwa n’ubwoko bwayo, uturemangingo yibasira n’uburyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buyirwanya. Hari izitera uburwayi bworoheje, ariko izindi zishobora guteza indwara zikomeye.

Ese virusi hari akamaro zigira?

Nubwo virusi zizwi cyane kubera indwara, si zose zangiza umuntu. Hari izibasira bagiteri aho kwibasira uturemangingo tw’umuntu. Izo zitwa bacteriophages.

Abashakashatsi baziga kugira ngo barebe uko zafasha mu kurwanya bagiteri zimwe zitera indwara. Hari na virusi zifite uruhare mu kugenzura ubwinshi bw’ibinyabuzima bito byo mu mazi, bityo zikagira uruhare mu mikorere y’ibidukikije.

Virusi zimwe zikoreshwa no mu bushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi, ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko virusi zitera indwara ari nziza ku mubiri.

Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya bagiteri na virusi

Bagiteri ni akaremangingo kazima gashobora gukura no kwororoka ubwako, mu gihe virusi ikenera akaremangingo k’ikindi kinyabuzima kugira ngo yiyongere.

Bagiteri zisanzwe ari nini ugereranyije na virusi nyinshi. Ikindi, bagiteri zimwe zifasha umubiri mu igogorwa ry’ibiryo, mu gihe virusi zidafite uruhare nk’urwo mu mara.

No mu kuvura indwara, itandukaniro riragaragara. Imiti ya antibiotics ishobora kuvura indwara zimwe ziterwa na bagiteri, ariko ntishobora kuvura iziterwa na virusi. Hari imiti yihariye irwanya virusi zimwe na zimwe, ariko ntibivuze ko buri ndwara iterwa na virusi ifite umuti uyivura.

Ni ngombwa rero kwirinda gufata antibiotics utabigiriwemo inama n’umuganga, kuko kuzikoresha nabi bishobora gutuma bagiteri zimwe zitazongera kuzumva neza.

Twakwirinda dute indwara ziterwa na bagiteri na virusi?

Gukaraba intoki neza, kunywa amazi meza, gutegura no kubika ibiribwa mu buryo bufite isuku no guhabwa inkingo zisabwa ni bumwe mu buryo bufasha kwirinda indwara zimwe ziterwa na bagiteri na virusi.

Kwirinda kwegera cyane abantu bafite indwara zandurira mu mwuka, guhumeka umwuka mwiza mu byumba no gukurikiza inama z’abaganga na byo bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.

Bagiteri na virusi byombi ni bito cyane ku buryo tutabibona n’amaso asanzwe, ariko uruhare rwabyo mu buzima ruratandukanye. Bagiteri zimwe ni ingenzi ku mubiri no ku bidukikije, izindi zigatera indwara. Virusi na zo zishobora gutera indwara, ariko hari izifite uruhare mu bidukikije no mu bushakashatsi.

Bityo, kumenya itandukaniro ryabyo bidufasha gusobanukirwa impamvu indwara zose zitavurwa n’imiti imwe, ndetse n’impamvu atari buri kinyabuzima gito kigomba gufatwa nk’umwanzi w’ubuzima.