Amateka yanditswe kenshi avugira abafite ijwi rirangurura, abagabo, abami, abanyapolitiki, cyangwa ibihangange mu ntambara. Nyamara, hagati y’imigongo y’ibihe no mu mpinga z’akagambane k’isi, hari inkuru zitavugwa, iz’abagore b’intwari bahinduye isi mu buryo butavugwa cyangwa butaramenyekana.

Impamvu nyinshi zituma izi nkuru zitavugwa. Imiterere y’imiryango ishingiye ku butegetsi bw’abagabo, isenyuka ry’amateka yanditswe n’abanyamaboko gusa, ndetse n’itegeko rya sosiyete ridaha ijambo umubyeyi w’umuryango, ibi byose byagize uruhare mu gutuma aba bagore bacurikirwa igitabo cy’amateka.

Ariko igihe kirageze. Igihe cyo gutuza tukumva, tukandika, tukavuga izina ry’umugore wamenye ko ijwi rye rifite uburemere, nubwo ritatambutswaga kuri radiyo cyangwa rikandikwa mu gitabo.

1. Nanny wa Maroons: Umugore w’Intwari mu bwigenge bwa Jamaica

Mu misozi ya Blue Mountains muri Jamaica, hari inkuru y’umugore w’imyaka irenze isanzwe y’inkomoko y’Afurika, Nanny wa Maroons, umugore wahanganye n’Ubwongereza akoresheje ubwenge, umuco n’ishyaka.

Nanny yari umugore w’umuyobozi, intwari ndetse n’umupfumu, washoboye gufasha imbaga y’abacakara batorotse, akabahuza mu bwoko bwa Maroons. Yabahaye icyerekezo n’ubumwe, abigisha uko kwigobotora ubucakara ari uburenganzira, atari icyaha.

Abavuga amateka ye bavuga ko yari afite ubushobozi bwo guhanura no gukoresha imbaraga zidasanzwe. Mu gihe cy’intambara n’abakoloni, yategekaga igisirikare cy’abagore n’abagabo, ku buryo byatunguraga abamurwanya.

Ubuvanganzo n’umurage we biracyariho uyu munsi, binyuze mu ndirimbo, imbyino n’imvugo z’Abanyajamaica bavuga bati: “Nanny ni mama w’ubwigenge.”

2. Wangari Maathai: Umugore w’umutima w’ubuzima

Mu misozi ya Nyeri muri Kenya, Wangari Maathai yabaye igiti cy’amahoro cyateye imizi mu butaka bw’umutekano bucumbagira. Yabaye umugore wa mbere wo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba wabonye impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga, ariko icyo yatanze nticyari uburezi gusa, cyari ubuzima.

Yashinzwe "Green Belt Movement", urugaga rw’abagore batangiye gutera ibiti kugira ngo barwanye isuri, ubutayu n’inzara. Iyi nkubiri yabaye inzira y’ubwigenge bw’iterambere ry’abaturage bato batagira amajwi.

Wangari ntiyarwanye n’ibiti gusa. Yarwanye n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, yirukanywe, akubitwa, ariko ntiyacogora. Igihembo cy’Amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel yahawe mu 2004, cyari ikimenyetso, ariko si cyo cyamuhaye icyubahiro, icyubahiro cye cyaturutse mu bushake bwo kugirira isi neza, uko yanganaga kose.

3. Fatima al-Fihri: Intangiriro y’Ishuri rya Kaminuza

Mu kinyejana cya 9, i Fez muri Maroc, umugore witwa Fatima al-Fihri yakoze igikorwa abenshi batakekaga icyo gihe, yatangiye ishuri ryitwa Al-Qarawiyyin, rizwi nko kuba ryarabaye kaminuza ya mbere ku isi.

Fatima ntiyari umunyapolitiki, ntiyari umuyobozi w’ingabo, ariko yari umugore w’umusizi mu bitekerezo. Yakoresheje umutungo yasigiwe n’umuryango kugira ngo yubake inzu y’amasomo, igahinduka umusingi w’ubwenge, imiryango y’ubuhanga n’umuco.

Abanyeshuri baturutse mu Burayi, Aziya na Afurika bajyaga kwiga kuri iyi kaminuza. Amasomo yabo ntiyari ay’amategeko gusa, ahubwo harimo n’ubumenyi, ubuvuzi, indimi n’ibindi.

Fatima atwibutsa ko guhindura isi bitagusaba kwitwaza inkota. Rimwe na rimwe, bihagije gutanga umwanya wo gutekereza.

4. Yaa Asantewaa: Umugore w’umugaba mukuru

Mu 1900, igihe abasirikare b’Abongereza bageragezaga gutwara inkingi y’umuco n’ubutware bw’Abashanti, inkoni y’ubwami ya "Golden Stool", hagaragaye Yaa Asantewaa, umugore mukuru w’umuryango.

Mu gihe abagabo benshi b’abatware bari baranze kurwana, Yaa Asantewaa yateye intambwe, ahagarara imbere y’ingabo n’imbaga, atangaza ko "ni amahano kubona abagore b’Abashanti babaho igihe ubwami bwabo busuzugurwa." Yahindutse umugaba mukuru mu ntambara yo kurengera icyubahiro cy’umuco wabo.

Nubwo yaje gufatwa agafungwa, urugamba rwe rwabaye ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’uko umugore ashobora kuba igisubizo igihe abandi bose bacogoye.

Umugani we wumvikana cyane muri Ghana, aho avuga ko "umugore ashobora kurwana urugamba rw’amateka, atitaye ku bwoba bw’abo arwana nabo."

5. Ching Shih: Umwamikazi w’abambuzi b’Inyanja

Muri Hong Kong y’ikinyejana cya 19, Ching Shih yabaye umuyobozi wa flote y’aba pirate barenga 80,000, ahinduka umwe mu bantu bategetse inyanja neza kurusha abandi bose, yaba umugabo cyangwa umugore.

Ching Shih yari umugore w’uwarindaga amayira y’ubucuruzi. Nyuma y’urupfu rw’umugabo we, ni we wahise ashyira ibintu ku murongo, agashyiraho amategeko akakaye mu nyanja, kandi akigisha ibitero bya gisirikare nk’umugaba mukuru.

Ibihugu byibwiraga ko bizamutsinda, Ubushinwa, Portugal n’u Bufaransa, byose byaratsinzwe. Ku rundi ruhande, yashoje ubuzima bwe ari umuntu wubashywe, atanze urugero ku buryo ubushishozi n’ubuyobozi bishobora kuzamura umugore hejuru y’ibyifuzo by’isi.