Buri munsi duhumeka inshuro nyinshi tutanabitekerezaho. Iyo dufashe umwuka, hari urugendo rutangaje ruba rutangiye imbere mu mubiri: umwuka winjira, ukanyura mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, ukagera mu bihaha, oxygen ikinjira mu maraso, naho carbon dioxide umubiri utagikeneye ikagarurwa hanze.

Ariko se umwuka twinjiza unyura hehe? Ni iki gituma ibihaha byuzura umwuka? Oxygen iva mu mwuka ikagera ite mu maraso? Reka dukurikirane urugendo rw’umwuka intambwe ku yindi.

1. Umwuka utangirira ku zuru cyangwa ku munwa

Iyo uhumetse, umwuka ushobora kwinjirira mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa. Iyo unyuze mu mazuru, uba utangiye gutegurwa mbere yo kugera mu bihaha: urashyuha, ukongerwamo ubuhehere kandi imwe mu myanda mito iba mu mwuka ishobora gufatwa n’imyanya yo mu mazuru.

Ni yo mpamvu izuru atari umwobo gusa unyuzamo umwuka; ni kimwe mu bice by’ingenzi bitangira kuwutegura mbere y’uko ujya imbere mu mubiri.

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2. Umwuka unyura mu muhogo ukerekeza ku muyoboro w’ubuhumekero

Nyuma yo kuva mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa, umwuka unyura mu muhogo, ugakomeza ku gice cyitwa "larynx", kizwi cyane nk’ahantu amajwi aturuka.

Kuva aho, umwuka winjira muri "trachea", ari wo muyoboro munini ujyana umwuka werekeza mu bihaha. Uyu muyoboro ugomba gukomeza kuba ufunguye kugira ngo umwuka ubashe kunyuramo neza.

3. Trachea itandukana ikajya mu bihaha byombi

Trachea ntikomeza ari umuyoboro umwe kugeza mu mpera. Ahubwo igabanyikamo imiyoboro ibiri minini yitwa "bronchi", umwe ujya mu gihaha cy’iburyo undi ujya mu gihaha cy’ibumoso.

Aha ni ho urugendo rw’umwuka rutangira kugera mu bice by’ibihaha aho guhanahana oxygen na carbon dioxide bizabera.

4. Bronchi zitangira kugabanyuka nk’amashami y’igiti

Iyo umwuka ugeze muri bronchi, izo nzira na zo zitangira kwigabanyamo utuyoboro twinshi kandi duto cyane twitwa "bronchioles".

Uburyo izi nzira zigenda zigabanyuka bushobora kugereranywa n’amashami y’igiti. Iyo zigenda ziba nto, zituma umwuka ugenda ushyikirizwa ahantu henshi cyane imbere mu bihaha.

5. Umwuka ugera mu dusaho duto twitwa Alveoli

Ku mpera za bronchioles hari utuduso duto cyane twuzuyemo umwuka twitwa "alveoli". Aha ni ho ibintu by’ingenzi cyane bibera.

Alveoli ziba zizengurutswe n’udutsi duto tw’amaraso twitwa "capillaries". Kubera ko inkuta z’izi alveoli ari zoroshye cyane kandi ziri hafi y’amaraso, bituma oxygen na carbon dioxide bishobora guhererekanywa hagati y’umwuka n’amaraso.

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6. Aha ni ho oxygen yinjirira mu maraso

Iyo umwuka ugeze muri alveoli, uba urimo oxygen yaturutse hanze. Ku rundi ruhande, amaraso aba ageze hafi y’izi alveoli afite oxygen nke kandi afite carbon dioxide nyinshi yazanye ivuye mu mubiri.

Hanyuma oxygen ikava mu mwuka uri muri alveoli ikambuka ikinjira mu maraso. Muri icyo gihe, carbon dioxide ikava mu maraso ikajya muri alveoli. Iyi nzira yitwa "gas exchange", cyangwa guhererekanya imyuka.

7. Oxygen ifatwa n’amaraso ikajyanwa mu mubiri

Oxygen imaze kwinjira mu maraso, uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura tuyifata dukoresheje protein yitwa "hemoglobin".

Amaraso amaze kubona oxygen ahagije, ayijyana ku mutima, maze umutima ugakomeza kuyohereza mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri. Uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukenera oxygen kugira ngo tubashe gukora ingufu zikenewe mu mikorere y’umubiri.

8. Carbon Dioxide igarurwa mu bihaha

Iyo uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukoresheje oxygen mu gukora ingufu, hakorwa carbon dioxide nk’imwe mu myanda ikenerwa gukurwaho.

Iyo carbon dioxide ijya mu maraso, igarurwa ikerekeza mu bihaha. Amaraso ayigeza ku dutsi duto dutwikira alveoli, maze ikambuka ikava mu maraso ikajya mu dusaho tw’umwuka. Aha iba itegereje gusohoka igihe umuntu ahumetse hanze.

9. Diaphragm ni yo ifasha umwuka kwinjira

Ariko se ni iki gituma umwuka winjira mu bihaha?

Hasi y’ibihaha hari imitsi yitwa "diaphragm". Iyo uhumeka winjiza umwuka, diaphragm irakaka ikamanuka, bigatuma umwanya uri mu gituza waguka. Imitsi iri hagati y’imbavu na yo ifasha mu kwagura igituza.

Iyo umwanya wo mu gituza wagutse, ibihaha biraguka maze umwuka ukinjira. Ni ukuvuga ko ibihaha ubwabyo bitikura nk’uko imitsi ikura; ahubwo bigendana n’impinduka ziba mu gituza.

10. Iyo uhumetse hanze, Carbon Dioxide irasohoka

Nyuma y’uko oxygen imaze gukurwa mu mwuka ikinjira mu maraso, hakurikiraho gusohora umwuka utagikeneye umubiri.

Diaphragm n’imitsi ifasha guhumeka biraruhuka, umwanya uri mu gituza ukagabanuka, maze ibihaha bigasubira inyuma kubera uko bihagaze kamere. Umwuka ukagenda usohoka unyuze muri bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, ugasubira mu muhogo maze ugasohokera mu zuru cyangwa mu kanwa.

Muri uwo mwuka usohoka harimo carbon dioxide umubiri uba ushaka gukuraho.

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11. Ubwonko ni bwo bucunga uko duhumeka

Ikintu gitangaje kurushaho ni uko akenshi tuticara ngo dutekereze ngo "ubu ndahumeka". Ubuhumekero busanzwe bugenzurwa n’ubwonko n’imikorere y’umubiri idakeneye ko tubitekerezaho buri kanya.

Umubiri ufite uburyo bwo kumenya uko oxygen na carbon dioxide bihagaze, maze ubwonko bugafasha guhindura umuvuduko wo guhumeka bitewe n’ibikenewe. Iyo umuntu ari gukora siporo, urugero, umubiri ukenera oxygen nyinshi kandi ukagira carbon dioxide nyinshi ikeneye gukurwaho, bityo guhumeka bikihuta.

Ibi byose biba mu masegonda make

Iyo ufashe umwuka, ntabwo uba ukora igikorwa kimwe gusa. Kuba wakwinjije umwuka mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa ni intangiriro y’urugendo rurerure ruba imbere mu mubiri.

Umwuka unyura mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, ukagera muri trachea, ukajya muri bronchi, ukagabanywamo bronchioles, amaherezo ukagera muri alveoli. Aho ni ho oxygen ikurwa mu mwuka ikinjira mu maraso, naho carbon dioxide igasohoka mu maraso igategerezwa gusubizwa hanze.

Muri make, buri guhumeka ni nk’urugendo ruto rw’umubiri rufite intego imwe: guha uturemangingo oxygen dukeneye no gukuraho carbon dioxide umubiri utagikeneye. Kandi byose bibera mu buryo bwikora, amanywa n’ijoro, igihe cyose turiho.

Ni yo mpamvu guhumeka bisa n’ikintu gisanzwe cyane ku buryo tutakibitekerezaho, ariko mu by’ukuri, buri mwuka winjira uba utangiye urugendo rufite uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma umubiri wose ukomeza gukora.