Rukara rwa Bishingwe ni umwe mu bantu bazwi mu mateka y’u Rwanda rwo mu ntangiriro z’igihe cy’ubukoloni. Izina rye ryagaragaye cyane mu nkuru zigaragaza ukuntu Abanyarwanda bamwe bagize ubutwari bwo kwihagararaho mu gihe igihugu cyari cyugarijwe n’igitugu cy’abakoloni. Ibi bihe byari byiganjemo ihindagurika rikomeye ry’imibereho, aho imigenzo n’imiyoborere gakondo byageragezwaga gusimbuzwa amategeko aturutse hanze.

Mu rwego rwo gusobanukirwa Rukara, ni ngombwa kumushyira mu miterere y’icyo gihe. Ubukoloni bwazanye igitutu, imisoro idasanzwe, n’itegekwa ry’ubutegetsi rititaye ku mibereho y’abaturage. Ibi byabaye isoko y’imvururu n’uburakari byabyaye ibikorwa byo kwigomeka.

Aho Rukara rwa Bishingwe yavukiye n’imiterere y’aho akomoka

Rukara rwa Bishingwe yavukiye mu Gahunga k’Abarashi, mu murenge wa Gahunga mu karere ka Burera mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Aka gace kazwi cyane ku mateka y’umuryango w’Abarashi, aho benshi babarizwaga mu bwoko bw’Abacyaba b’Abarashi. Abarashi bari bafite umuco ukomeye wo kurwana no kwirwanaho, bityo ubutwari n’ubumenyi mu gucunga umutekano byari bimwe mu biranga umuryango. Ibidukikije byaho bifite amateka n’imigenzo byafashaga mu kubaka imitekerereze y’indwanyi n’abantu batakangwaga n’umuntu wariwe wese.

Ababyeyi ba Rukara rwa Bishingwe n’inkomoko ye

Rukara ni mwene Bishingwe na Nyirakavumbi, bikaba byerekana ko yakuriye mu muryango wubakiye ku ndangagaciro z’ubutwari n’ubushishozi mu bihe by’intambara. Umuryango w’Abarashi uzwiho ubuhanga mu mirwano, cyane cyane mu kudahusha umuheto no gutegura urugamba, wari ufite amateka yihariye yo kurwanirira ubutaka bwawo. Kuba Rukara yarakuze muri ubwo buryo byamutoje kudatinya no guharanira uburenganzira bw’abantu be mu rugamba no mu bihe by’amage.

Imibereho ya Rukara mu bihe by’ubukoloni n’imyitwarire ye

Mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, ubutunzi n’ubutegetsi byaragizweho impinduka n’abazungu baje bashaka kubaka inzego zabo mu Rwanda. Ibi byatumaga ubwigenge bw’Abarashi n’abandi baturage burushaho kuba bubi, cyane cyane iyo agasuzuguro n’imishyikirano idahwitse hagati y’abaturage n’abakoloni byabaye ibisanzwe. Rukara ntiyigeze yemera ubwo buryo bwo kubaho, uko yabonaga abazungu bamaze kwigarurira ubutaka cyangwa bagahindura imigenzo, niko yabonaga ari agahararo gakomeye k’agasuzuguro ku muco n’ubwisanzure bw’Abanyarwanda.

Uko yishe umuzungu Paulin Lupiyasi (Rupias/Rugigana)

Mu myaka ya mbere y’ikinyejana cya 1900, Rukara azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe mu gikorwa cyatumye ahinduka ikimenyetso mu mateka, kwica umupadiri w’umuzungu witwaga Paulin Lupiyasi, uzwi kandi ku izina rya Rupias cyangwa Rugigana. Ibi byabaye mu Gahunga k’Abarashi mu gihe uwo muzungu yari yaje gushyiraho amategeko n’imbago ku masambu y’Abarashi aho Rukara yakomokaga kugira ngo bazahubake Kiliziya, arengera inyungu z’abakoloni kurusha kubaha imico y’abaturage bo mu karere. Ubwo baza guhura aho yari ahamagawe ngo asobanure impamvu yarimbuye izo mbago, habayeho kutumvikana gukabije, harimo no gusuzugurana amagambo n’ibikorwa byabaye nk’igitutsi gikomeye kuri Rukara ubwo uyu muzungu yari asuhuje Rukara agira ati “Yambu Rukara”, Rukara yararakaye cyane aho we yavugaga ko yambu ari ukwamburwa abana. Uburakari bwe bwaje kumuteranya ku rugamba, bityo agakoresha ingabo ze mu kumwica, gusa hari inkuru zivuga ko Rupias yamukubise urushyi ubundi bakarwana bikarangira Rukara yishe Rupias. Umusaruro w’icyo gikorwa cyari ukugaragaza icyemezo gikomeye cyo kutemera ikintu cyose cyagerageje gusuzugura uburenganzira bw’Abanyarwanda. Ibi byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwe, kuko nyuma yaho yaje gufatwa n’abakoloni akatirwa igihano cy’urupfu.

Umurage wa Rukara rwa Bishingwe mu mateka y’u Rwanda

Uyu munsi, Rukara rwa Bishingwe yibukwa nk’umurashi w’intwari, kandi inkuru ye yitabwaho n’abenshi nk’ikimenyetso cy’ukwiyemeza n’ubutwari bwo kutemera igitugu cy’ubugome. Umurage we utwigisha isomo rikomeye, ko kubaha agaciro k’umuntu, gusigasira umuco kavukire, no guharanira ubwisanzure ari indangagaciro zifatika zigomba kwibandwaho no mu bihe by’igeragezwa. Aya mateka avuga ko kwibuka amateka nk’aya atari ukwibuka akarengane gusa, ahubwo ari ukumenya aho uva n’icyo uharanira kugira ngo ibyahise bitange inyigisho ku gihugu n’abagenerwabikorwa bacyo. Rukara rwa Bishingwe rero yabaye ikimenyetso cy’umurava mu guharanira ubwisanzure n’icyubahiro cy’abenegihugu.