Tekereza kuba ushaka kuva i Kigali ujya i Musanze, ariko nta modoka, moto cyangwa gare ya moshi bibaho. Byagusaba kugenda n'amaguru cyangwa gushaka inyamaswa yagufasha mu rugendo. Ubu dushobora kugenda ibirometero amagana mu masaha make, tukambuka inyanja cyangwa tukagera ku wundi mugabane tutiriwe tumara amezi mu nzira.

Ariko se byatangiye bite? Ni gute abantu bageze aho bakora imodoka, indege na gari ya moshi zihuta cyane?

1. Kugenda n'amaguru: Uburyo bwa mbere bw'ingendo

Mbere y'uko habaho ibinyabiziga, abantu bakoreshaga amaguru yabo kugira ngo bave ahantu bajye ahandi. Ibi byatangiye mu bihe bya kera cyane, mbere y'uko amateka atangira kwandikwa.

Abakurambere b'abantu bari bafite ubushobozi bwo kugenda bahagaze ku maguru abiri mu myaka miriyoni ishize. Ingendo zabo zabafashaga gushaka ibiribwa, amazi n'ahantu heza ho gutura.

Icyakora, kugenda n'amaguru byari bifite imbogamizi: byasabaga igihe kirekire, kandi gutwara ibintu byinshi byari bigoye.

2. Amato ya mbere: Mbere y'amafarashi (mbere ya 8000 mbere ya Yezu)

Abantu batangiye gukoresha ibiti n'ibindi bikoresho bireremba kugira ngo bambuke amazi. Hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko ingendo zo mu mazi zatangiye mu myaka ibihumbi byinshi cyane ishize.

Ahagana mu 8000 mbere ya Yezu, hari amato yabazwaga mu biti, agakoreshwa mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu ku nzuzi no mu biyaga.

Ibi byari intambwe ikomeye, kuko amazi yari asigaye ari inzira yo kugenderamo aho kuba inzitizi gusa.

3. Inyamaswa zitangira gufasha abantu (ahagana mu 4000–3000 mbere ya Yezu)

Nyuma y'igihe kirekire abantu bagenda n'amaguru, batangiye gukoresha inyamaswa mu gutwara imizigo no gukora ingendo.

Indogobe, amafarashi n'ingamiya byagiye bigira uruhare rukomeye mu ngendo, nubwo bitatangiriye gukoreshwa icyarimwe cyangwa mu duce tumwe tw'isi.

Amafarashi yabaye ingenzi cyane mu ngendo zo ku butaka, kuko yashoboraga gutwara abantu no gukurura imitwaro. Yakomeje gukoreshwa mu binyejana byinshi, ndetse no mu gihe imodoka za mbere zari zatangiye kuboneka.

4. Ivumburwa ry'ipine: Impinduka ikomeye (ahagana mu 3500 mbere ya Yezu)

Ahagana mu 3500 mbere ya Yezu, abantu batangiye gukoresha amapine mu bice bitandukanye by'isi, harimo Mesopotamiya.

Mbere y'icyo gihe, gukurura ibintu biremereye byasabaga imbaraga nyinshi. Ariko ipine yatumye bishoboka gukora amagare akururwa n'inyamaswa, bikoroha gutwara imyaka, ibikoresho n'abantu.

Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, ayo magare yaravuguruwe, aza kuba umwe mu musingi w'ibinyabiziga dukoresha muri iki gihe.

5. Amato akoresha umuyaga (ahagana mu 3000 mbere ya Yezu)

Mu Misiri ya kera, abantu batangiye gukoresha amato afite ibitambaro binini bifata umuyaga, bikayafasha kugenda ku mazi.

Ibi byagabanyije imbaraga abantu bakoreshaga bayasunika n'ingashya.

Amato nk'ayo yaje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu bucuruzi no mu ngendo hagati y'ibihugu, cyane cyane mu gihe cyakurikiyeho.

6. Imashini zitangira gusimbura imbaraga z'inyamaswa (1769–1804)

Mu 1769, Umufaransa Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot yakoze ikinyabiziga gikoresha imbaraga z'umwuka ushyushye. Cyari kigenewe gukurura imitwaro iremereye, ariko cyagendaga buhoro cyane.

Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, amato akoresha imashini z'umwuka na yo yatangiye kugeragezwa.

Mu 1804, Richard Trevithick yagerageje gari ya moshi ikoresha imbaraga z'umwuka ku nzira y'ibyuma.

Izi mashini zafunguye inzira y'uburyo bushya bw'ingendo, aho abantu batari bagikeneye kwishingikiriza gusa ku nyamaswa n'umuyaga.

7. Amagare n'ibinyabiziga byo ku mihanda (1817–1886)

Mu 1817, Karl Drais yakoze igikoresho gifite amapine abiri umuntu yagenderagaho yisunika n'amaguru. Cyabaye kimwe mu byabanjirije igare tuzi uyu munsi.

Mu kinyejana cya 19, amagare yakomeje kuvugururwa, aza gushyirwaho uburyo bwo gukoresha amaguru uyazengurutsa.

Hagati aho, abahanga bakomeje kugerageza ibinyabiziga bidakururwa n'amafarashi.

Mu 1885, Karl Benz yakoze imodoka ikoresha moteri ya lisansi, maze mu 1886 ahabwa uburenganzira bw'ivumburwa ryayo. Iyo modoka yari ifite amapine atatu, kandi yabaye imwe mu ntangiriro z'imodoka zigezweho.

8. Imodoka zitangira gukwira ku isi (1908)

Nubwo imodoka zari zaravumbuwe, mu ntangiriro zari zihenze ku buryo abantu bake ari bo bashoboraga kuzigura.

Mu 1908, Henry Ford yatangije Model T, imodoka yaje gukorwa ku bwinshi hifashishijwe uburyo bw'inganda bwatumye igiciro cyayo kigabanuka uko igihe cyagendaga.

Ibi byafashije imodoka kugera ku bantu benshi, bituma imihanda, imijyi n'uburyo abantu bakoraga ingendo bihinduka cyane.

9. Indege ya mbere ikoresha moteri (1903)

Mu gihe imodoka zari zikiri gutera imbere, abantu bari bafite indi nzozi: kuguruka nk'inyoni.

Ku wa 17 Ukuboza 1903, abavandimwe Wilbur na Orville Wright bageze ku ntsinzi ikomeye ubwo indege yabo yakoraga urugendo rugufi, igenzurwa kandi ikoresha moteri.

Iyo ntsinzi yafunguye inzira y'indege zaje kujya zitwara abantu n'imizigo hagati y'ibihugu.

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, indege zarushijeho kugira ubushobozi bwo kugenda kure no gutwara abantu benshi.

10. Indege zigezweho na gari ya moshi zihuta (1950–1981)

Mu myaka ya 1950, indege zikoresha moteri za jet zatangiye kwagura ingendo z'ubucuruzi. Zatumye bishoboka kugenda kure mu gihe gito kurusha mbere.

Mu 1964, u Buyapani bwatangije Shinkansen, gari ya moshi yihuta yagendaga ku muvuduko wa kilometero 210 mu isaha mu gihe yatangiraga.

Mu 1981, u Bufaransa na bwo bwatangije serivisi ya TGV, gari ya moshi yihuta cyane.

Izi mpinduka zerekanye ko ingendo zo ku butaka na zo zashoboraga guhangana n'iz'indege ku ntera zimwe na zimwe.

11. Imodoka z'amashanyarazi n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho (2000–2026)

Nubwo imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zatangiye kugeragezwa mu kinyejana cya 19, zongeye kwitabwaho cyane mu kinyejana cya 21.

Iterambere rya batiri, moteri z'amashanyarazi n'ikoranabuhanga ryatumye imodoka nyinshi zishobora kugenda zidakoresheje lisansi.

Muri iki gihe kandi, hari imodoka zifite uburyo bwo gufasha umushoferi kugenzura umuvuduko, kuguma mu murongo no kwirinda zimwe mu mpanuka. Hari n'ibinyabiziga bishobora kwiyobora mu bihe bimwe, ariko ntibisobanura ko imodoka zose zishobora kugenda nta mushoferi.

Gari ya moshi zihuta cyane, indege zigezweho n'ubwato bunini na byo bikomeje gutera imbere.

Ubu, ikibazo si ukugera kure gusa, ahubwo ni ukugenda mu buryo bwizewe, bwihuse kandi butangiza ibidukikije cyane.

Urugendo rw'iterambere ry'ibinyabiziga rugaragaza uburyo abantu bagiye bashaka ibisubizo by'imbogamizi bahuraga na zo. Kugenda n'amaguru byari bihagije ku ntera nto, ariko abantu baje gukenera kwambuka amazi, gutwara imitwaro iremereye no kugera kure mu gihe gito.

Ni ko havutse amato, amagare, imodoka, gari ya moshi n'indege. Uyu munsi, imodoka ishobora kugenda ikoresheje amashanyarazi, ndetse ikoranabuhanga rikayifasha kuyobora.

Iyo urebye aho ingendo zatangiriye n'aho zigeze, biragoye kutibaza uko abantu bazaba bagenda mu myaka ijana iri imbere.