Muri iki gihe, ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryihuta cyane mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ariko hamwe n'ibihe by'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, ikibazo cy'ubujura bw'ikoranabuhanga (tech scams) na cyo cyagiye kiyongera. Abajura bakoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo bashuke abantu, babafate mu buryo bwa e-mail, imbuga nkoranyambaga, ndetse n'uburyo bwo guhimba imbuga z'ikoranabuhanga.

Bashobora kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga rishya, bikabaha amahirwe yo kugera ku bantu benshi no kubashuka mu buryo bunyuranye. Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, ni ko uburyo bw’abajura bukomeza kuba bwihuse kandi bwiyongera. Ariko, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya ahakunze kuboneka uburiganya muri uru rwego.

1. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ushobora kwitaho

Ubutumwa butunguranye na imeli zishidikanywaho

Ubutumwa butunguranye cyangwa imeli zidateganijwe n’abanditse mu buryo budasanzwe ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bya mbere by'ubujura bw'ikoranabuhanga. Abajura bakunze kohereza ubutumwa bwo kuzikorera ibintu byihuse cyangwa bikomeye, nk'ibyo bishingiye ku guhindura imyirondoro, gutanga amafaranga ku buntu, cyangwa kugura ibintu by’agaciro. Iyo ubonye ubwo butumwa, ni byiza kubanza kubitekerezaho no kugenzura niba koko ari amakuru y'ukuri cyangwa niba hari ikintu cyahindutse.

Ibyo buvuga birashoboka mu kintu gitandukanye n'icyo utegereje

Ubujura bw'ikoranabuhanga burangwa no gutanga ibyo bidashobora kubaho mu buzima bw'ukuri cyangwa bihambaye. Iyo ubona ibyemezo bidashobora gusobanurwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byitwaje impamvu zishingiye ku bucuruzi bukomeye, hari icyizere ko harimo uburiganya. Urugero, kubona ubutumwa bugufasha kubona amafaranga menshi ku buryo bworoshye, ibyo bikaba bidasanzwe muri gahunda zisanzwe, bigaragaza ikibazo.

Imbuga zifite ikinyuranyo cy'ibisobanuro

Imbuga z’umwuga zisanzwe zigira isura isobanutse kandi ikomeye. Ariko abajura bashobora gushyira ahagaragara imbuga zifite imyirondoro cyangwa izifite amakosa mu byo zerekana. Benshi bakora ubu bujura ku rubuga rudakurikiza amategeko cyangwa rufite URL zidakurikije imigenzo isanzwe, bigatuma bigorana gusobanukirwa niba ari urubuga rwemewe cyangwa ari urubuga rw'uburiganya.

2. Gusobanukirwa ibikorwa by'ubujura bw'ikoranabuhanga bisanzwe

Phishing n’imbuga zihimbwa

Phishing ni uburyo abajura bakoresha mu gushaka amakuru y’abantu, bakoresheje uburyo bwo kubahisha ibyo bakeneye mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa babigize ibitangaza. Abajura bashobora kohereza ubutumwa cyangwa kugerageza kwinjiza abantu ku mbuga zidakurikiza amategeko, bashaka gukurura amakuru yabo ku buryo bworoshye. Mu gihe umuntu yashyizemo amakuru ye, ashobora kuba yahura n’ubujura.

Virusi n'ubujura bw'imbuga (Ransomware)

Virusi cyangwa "malware" ni porogaramu mbi zishobora kwanduza mudasobwa cyangwa telefoni. Aho kugirango ibi byangize igikoresho cyawe, zishobora no gufata amakuru yawe cyangwa guhindura uburyo ibikorwa byawe bikorwamo. Ransomware ni uburyo bwihariye aho abajura basaba amafaranga kugirango bakureho urujijo cyangwa ibibazo byatewe n’iyi virusi.

Kwiyitirira isosiyete y’umwuga

Abajura bashobora kwiyitirira isosiyete ifite izina rikomeye mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, bakifashisha uburyo bwo kohereza inyandiko cyangwa amakuru agendanye n’akazi k’icyo kigo. Bamwe bashobora gusaba abakiriya kwishyura cyangwa gutanga amakuru y’ibanga, bagendeye ku bintu by’urwego rwo hejuru rwemewe, ariko byose bishingiye ku bikorwa by’uburiganya.

3. Uko wakwirinda ibyo byose bivuga uburiganya

Gusuzuma amakuru y’isosiyete

Mu gihe urimo gutekereza ku kintu kigufiteho akamaro, ni byiza kugenzura amakuru yose ajyanye n’isosiyete igishinzwe. Ushobora gusura urubuga rw’isosiyete cyangwa kugerageza kuvugana n'abakozi bashinzwe serivisi kugira ngo umenye niba ibyo bavuga bihura n'ukuri. Gusuzuma neza amakuru ku rubuga rwa sosiyete ni umwihariko mu kugenzura niba koko ibyo batanze ari ukuri.

Gukoresha ibikoresho bizwi

Ibyo waba usaba cyangwa urimo gukoresha, hakwiye kubaho uburyo bwo kugenzura niba bikwiye cyangwa niba byose bigaragara neza. Gukoresha software zizewe nk'ibikoresho by’uburyo bwo kwirinda virusi cyangwa malware ni ngombwa. Imbuga zizewe zigufasha mu kugenzura niba ibyo biriho ari ukuri cyangwa niba hari icyo gishobora kuba cyatanzwe mu buryo bw'uburiganya.

Kuganira na serivisi ya abakiriya

Iyo utangiye kugira impungenge ku kintu runaka, ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvugana n’ikigo cy’umwuga. Mu gihe wumva hari ikibazo ku buriganya, kubaza ibigo cyangwa serivisi zishinzwe kugufasha kuzatanga amakuru asobanutse no gusobanura niba ibyo byose ari ukuri.

4. Ibyo wakora niba wahuye n'uburiganya bw'ikoranabuhanga

Kwandika ikirego ku nzego zibishinzwe

Niba warahuye n’uburiganya bw’ikoranabuhanga, ni ngombwa gutanga amakuru kuri polisi, RIB cyangwa izindi nzego zishinzwe ubujura. Ikigo cy’umutekano gishobora kugufasha mu gukurikirana no guhagarika ubu buriganya. Gutanga amakuru mu buryo bwihuse bizafasha mu kurinda abandi bantu guhura n’ibibazo nk’ibyo.

Kurinda amakuru yawe y’ibanga

Buri gihe, ni byiza kugenzura neza uko ugenzura amakuru yawe bwite. Igihe cyose ushobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gukora "two-factor authentication" cyangwa ugashyira uburinzi kuri konti yawe ku rwego rwo hejuru, bizagufasha kurinda amakuru yawe. Buri gihe, kurinda amakuru yawe ku murongo wa interineti ni ngombwa kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka z’uburiganya.

Gukora ibikorwa byo kurinda ibikoresho byawe

Ubushobozi bwo gukomeza gucunga no gutunganya neza ibikoresho byawe (telefoni, mudasobwa, n'ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga) ni ingenzi mu kurinda ibibazo byose by’uburiganya. Ugomba kugenzura ko software yawe cyangwa porogaramu zawe zose ziri ku rwego rw’umutekano ndetse ko ugenzura uburyo bwose bwo kurinda umutekano.