Mbere y’uko havugwa ishoramari riremereye, porogaramu z’ubwenge buhanitse, na za laboratwari z’ikoranabuhanga, Silicon Valley yari izwi ku rindi zina Santa Clara Valley. Yari agace karangwaga n’imirima y’imbuto nk’amaronji, amapera, n’amaplum. Gusa uwo mutuzo w’ibidukikije waje guhinduka, gahoro gahoro, uhinduka isoko y’ubuvumbuzi mu ikoranabuhanga, byose biturutse ku mwanya w’akarere n’ubushishozi bw’abashakashatsi.

Uru ruhererekane rw’impinduka rwatangijwe n’umuyobozi w’umwihariko muri Kaminuza ya Stanford, Frederick Terman, wafashije kugaragaza uburyo ubumenyi bw’ibanze bushobora kugera ku isoko. Abanyeshuri be nka Hewlett na Packard bafashijwe gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bigaga, bibyara sosiyete ya HP (Hewlett-Packard). Ibi byabaye intangiriro y’umuco wo guhanga udushya no kwishingira imishinga (startup culture) mu gace kazwi ubu nka Silicon Valley.

Intambara y’ubukonje n’isesekara ry’ikoranabuhanga

Amasezerano y’ingabo n’izamuka ry’inganda

Iterambere rya Silicon Valley ntiryashingiye gusa ku buhanga bw’abashakashatsi, ahubwo ryanaterwaga inkunga n’ibibazo bya politiki mpuzamahanga. Mu gihe cy’intambara y’ubukonje (Cold War), Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashoye amafaranga menshi mu bushakashatsi bw’igisirikare, bikabyara ibigo bikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Urugero ni nk’uruganda rwa Fairchild Semiconductor rwashinze imizi mu 1957, rwavuyemo andi masosiyete nka Intel naryo ryagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubaka mudasobwa z’iki gihe.

Ivuka ry’ibigo bikomeye by’ikoranabuhanga

Uko amafaranga yakomezaga gusukwa mu ikoranabuhanga, niko ibitekerezo by’abashoramari bato byahindukaga impinduka zikomeye. Apple yatangiye mu igaraji, Google yaturutse ku bushakashatsi bw’abanyeshuri ba Stanford bose bemeje ko Silicon Valley atari agace gusa, ahubwo ari ubwonko bw’isi mu ikoranabuhanga. Iri zamuka ry’ubukungu rishingiye ku bumenyi ryabaye umusemburo w’ibigo byinshi bikomeye ku isi.

Umuco Wihariye wa Silicon Valley

Umuco wo kwihangira imirimo no kwemera guhomba

Silicon Valley ntiyihariye gusa ku bikoresho n’udushya, ahubwo yihariye ku muco w’abahatuye. Gutsindwa ntibifatwa nk’igisebo bifatwa nk’isomo. Kwemera gukoresha amafaranga ku gitekerezo gishya n’ubwo waba utizeye neza intsinzi, ni umuco uhashingiye.

Ubufatanye n’urusobe rw’abashoramari

Ikindi cyihariye ni uburyo abantu bahuza imbaraga abashoramari, abashakashatsi, abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga, n’abanyeshuri bose baba hafi y’ahandi. Aha niho ibitekerezo bivukira, bigakura, bigahabwa ubushobozi. Amafaranga ava muri za venture capital (ishoramari ry'abashoramari b’abikorera) yinjira muri ibi bitekerezo vuba, bikaba isoko y’imishinga ifite ubudahangarwa n’udushya twihuse.

Afurika y’ikoranabuhanga: Kigali ku isonga

Izamuka rya Kigali nk’ikicaro cy’ubuvumbuzi muri Afurika

Mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, Kigali yarahagurutse. Si umurwa mukuru usukuye gusa, ahubwo ni indorerwamo y’imitekerereze y’ejo hazaza h’ikoranabuhanga. Mu gihe ibindi bihugu bigikemura ibibazo by’itumanaho, Kigali yarangije gushyira imbere gahunda ziganisha ku buhanga: amahugurwa mu ikoranabuhanga, inkunga ku bigo bishya, n’ibikorwa byinshi by’ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya.

Politiki zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga nk’inkingi y’iterambere

Gahunda ya "Vision 2050" ya Leta y’u Rwanda hamwe na "Smart Rwanda Master Plan" ni ingero zigaragaza uko guverinoma yiyemeje gutuma ikoranabuhanga riba ishingiro ry’iterambere. Kigali Innovation City, internet yihuta mu bice byinshi, serivisi za leta ziboneka ku ikoranabuhanga ibi byose ni ibimenyetso ko Kigali itifuza gukurikira isi, ahubwo ishaka kuyobora mu buryo bwihariye.

Ihuriro rya Silicon Valley na Kigali

Ubufatanye n’uruhare rw’abari mu mahanga

Ubu ntabwo Kigali na Silicon Valley bikiri ahantu habiri hatandukanye mu bitekerezo. Hari ubufatanye bugaragara hagati y’abashoramari b’Abanyamerika n’abashoramari b’Abanyarwanda. Diaspora nyarwanda iba muri California n’ahandi, nk’uko bigaragara mu mishinga y’African Diaspora Network, itanga umusanzu mu guteza imbere imishinga, kuyihuza n’amasoko, no kuyishyigikira.

Guharanira udushya dufunguye kandi dushobora kugera kuri benshi

Nubwo Silicon Valley ifite amateka y’imyaka irenga 70, Kigali ifite ubushake bwo kugera kure mu gihe gito. Ibyo bahuriyeho ni intumbero: gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu guhindura imibereho y’abantu, si mu gukora amafaranga gusa. Kigali na Silicon Valley basangiye igitekerezo cy’uko iterambere rifunguye, rishyira umuntu ku isonga, ari ryo rizagena icyerekezo cy’isi nshya.

Umwanzuro

Amateka ya Silicon Valley ni inkuru y’imiyoborere myiza, ubushake bwo guhindura ibintu, n’umuco ushingiye ku iterambere ridaheranwa. Kigali, mu buryo bwayo, igenda yinjira muri iyo nzira, ifite umwihariko wayo n’ubushobozi bwihariye. Iyo urebye uko ibi bice bibiri bihuzwa n’amateka, ubushake, n’icyerekezo, ushobora kubona igishushanyo mbonera cy’ukuntu ubufatanye bw’isi y’amajyepfo n’amajyaruguru bushobora kubyara ibisubizo bihamye ku bibazo by’uyu munsi n’ejo hazaza.