Mu kinyejana cya 19, mu Rwanda habaye umwami uzahora yibukwa mu mateka kubera ubutwari, ubuyobozi n’impinduka yazanye. Uwo ni Kigeli IV Rwabugiri, wavutse ahasaga mu 1853, akaba yarabyawe n’Umwami Mutara II Rwogera na Nyiramavugo II Nyiramongi.

Ubuto n’urugendo rwo kuzamuka

Rwabugiri yakuriye mu buzima bw’ingoro y’abami, aho abana bato batojwaga iby’ubutwari, imigenzo y’igihugu, n’uburyo bwo kuyobora. Kuva akiri muto, yari azwiho kuba umusore w’intwari, ukunda intambara kandi wihagazeho. Byatumye abahanuzi n’abanyamabanga b’ingoro bamubona nk’umwana ushobora kuzaba umwami ukomeye.

Kuzamuka ku ngoma

Nyuma y’urupfu rwa se, Rwabugiri yagiye ku ngoma mu mwaka wa 1867, afite imyaka iri hagati ya 14 na 15 gusa. Ku myaka ye mike, yatangiye kugaragaza ubuhanga budasanzwe mu buyobozi n’ubutwari mu rugamba.

Ubutwari n’Intambara zo Kwagura Igihugu

Kigeli IV Rwabugiri yari umwami w’intambara ku buryo budasanzwe. Mu gihe cye, igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyari cyaramaze gukura, ariko ni we wahaye igihugu isura nshya y’ubutwari n’ubukaka.

• Kwagura imbibi: Rwabugiri yagabye ibitero mu bihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda, yigarurira ibice by’i Bushi (mu burasirazuba bwa Kivu, muri Congo y’ubu), i Idjwi (ikirwa cyo mu Kivu), ndetse n’ahandi hantu nka Masisi na Minembwe. Ibi byose byatumye u Rwanda rwaguka kurusha uko rwari rumeze mbere.
• Ingabo z’imena: Yubatse ingabo zikomeye, zigizwe n’urubyiruko rwatojwe ubusore, ubutwari n’ubwirinzi. Ingabo za Rwabugiri zazwiho kuba zifite imyitozo ikomeye, zikaba zashoboraga gukora ingendo ndende n’intambara ziremereye batacitse intege.
• Uburyo bwo kuyobora intambara: Rwabugiri yari umuyobozi uzi guhagarara ku rugamba. Atari umwami wo gutuma abandi gusa, ahubwo kenshi yajyaga ku rugamba ubwe, agatera ingabo umurindi. Byatumaga abasirikare be bamukunda kandi bamwizera nk’umuyobozi n’intwari.
• Politiki y’“Umukondo”: Rwabugiri yamenyekanyeho politiki yiswe “gucunda” cyangwa “gukonda”. Iyo yagabaga igitero, ntiyemera gusiga abantu bihishe mu mashyamba cyangwa mu misozi. Ingabo ze zasukiranyaga hose kugeza igihe abantu bose babaga bagarutse mu Rwanda cyangwa bemeye kuyoboka ubutegetsi bwe. Ibi byatumaga ubutegetsi bwe bushinga imizi aho yigaruriye hose.
• Impinduka mu mibanire y’imiryango: Yafashe imiryango ikomeye yabarwanyaga, akayishakira uburyo bwo kuyihuza n’ubwami. Bamwe bari bahabwa inshingano mu ngabo, abandi bagahabwa ubutaka bwo gusorera ingoro. Ibi byatumye imiryango myinshi yinjizwa mu Rwanda, bigatuma igihugu kiba kimwe, gifite umwami umwe.
• Impamvu abantu bamwibuka: Rwabugiri azwi nk’umwami wateje imbere ubutwari n’imbaraga z’u Rwanda, akagira igihugu gikomeye mu karere. Nta wundi mwami mu mateka y’u Rwanda wagabye intambara nyinshi atsinda nk’uko yabigenje.

Mu yandi magambo, Kigeli IV Rwabugiri si umwami gusa, ahubwo yari umugaba w’ingabo kabuhariwe waje gukora ku Rwanda nk’umutima w’Afurika yo hagati mu gihe cye.

Impinduka mu miyoborere

Rwabugiri ntiyari gusa umwami w’intambara, ahubwo yari n’umuyobozi w’udushya:

• Yashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kwinjiza abaturage mu gihugu cyagutse, binyuze mu gucumbikira, gusora no gukorera ubutegetsi.
• Yazanye politiki yo gukaza ubutegetsi bw’umwami ku buryo bwimbitse, yongera imbaraga z’ubwami mu turere twose.
• Yashimangiye uburyo bwo gucunga ubutaka n’uburyo bwo kwinjiza abaturage mu ngabo.

Ubuzima bwihariye n’imibanire n’abaturage

Rwabugiri yari umwami ukomeye ariko kandi akaza kugaragara nk’umuntu wihariye mu mibereho ye:

• Yari umwami ukunda ubuzima bwo kurwana no guhangana, bigatuma abaturage bamubona nk’intwari.
• Yubakiye ku mico n’imigenzo y’igihugu, ariko kandi agashyiraho ingamba nshya kugira ngo ateze imbere u Rwanda.

Urupfu n’icyo yasize

Kigeli IV Rwabugiri yapfuye mu mwaka wa 1895 i Nkole (mu gihugu cya Uganda y’ubu) ubwo yari avuye mu rugamba rwo kwagura igihugu. Urupfu rwe rwazanye umwuka mubi, kuko cyari igihe u Rwanda rwari rwatangiye guhura n’abazungu b’Abadage, byakurikiwe no kugwa kwa Musinga ku ngoma mu myaka mike yakurikiye.

Umurage

• Rwabugiri azwi nk’umwami wagabye intambara nyinshi atsinda, akagura imbibi z’u Rwanda.
• Ni umwe mu bami bazanye impinduka z’ubuyobozi, bashyiraho uburyo buhamye bw’ubutegetsi bw’umwami.
• Mu mitima y’Abanyarwanda, asigaye yibukwa nk’intwari nyakuri, umwami wubatse igihugu gifite imbaraga n’isura ikomeye.