Mu myaka yo hambere, mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda cyari kigengwa n’imico n’imigenzo gakondo, havutse umwana w’umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugiri. Uwo mwana ni we waje kumenyekana ku izina rya Yuhi V Musinga. Yabyawe na Nyiramavugo II Nyiramongi, umwe mu bagore b’ingenzi mu ngoro y’umwami.

Ubuto n’uburere

Musinga akiri muto, yakuriye mu buzima bw’iwabo mu rugo rw’abami, aho umuco, intwaro n’ubuyobozi byari ibintu by’ibanze mu burezi bw’abana b’ingoro. Nubwo atari we wari utegerejwe kuba umwami, yatojwe amasomo y’ubutwari, kwitwara mu bantu no kubaha imigenzo ya kera. Mu buzima bwe bw’ubuto, yakuze yumva inkuru z’ubutwari bwa se Rwabugiri, wari warigaruriye ibihugu byinshi bigakora ku Rwanda.

Kuzamuka ku ngoma

Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Rwabugiri mu 1895, mu Rwanda habaye umwuka mubi w’intambara z’imiryango no kurwanira ubutegetsi. Abahungu n’abandi bo mu ngoro barahatanaga ngo basimbure Rwabugiri. Mu 1896, abari bashyigikiye Musinga bamushyize ku ngoma, afite imyaka 13 gusa. Uyu mwana muto yabaye umwami w’igihugu gikomeye, mu gihe ubukoloni bwari bugiye kwinjira mu Rwanda.

Igihe cy’ubwami bwe

Yuhi V Musinga yategetse igihe kirekire, kuva mu 1896 kugeza mu 1931. Yari umwami udasanzwe kuko yahuriye n’ibihe byo guhura n’abazungu b’Abadage n’Ababiligi, bari batangiye gushaka gutegeka u Rwanda.

• Yashimangiye imbaraga z’ubwami mu ntangiriro z’ubutegetsi bwe, arwanya abashatse kumugusha ku ngoma.
• Yagerageje gukomeza gusigasira imico ya kera n’ubuyobozi gakondo, nubwo abakoloni bamusabaga guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwabo.
• Abazungu bamushakagaho ko yemera ubukristu ndetse agafasha mu gukwirakwiza inyigisho z’abamisiyoneri. Ariko Musinga yakomeje kubyanga, ahitamo gukomeza gukomera ku migenzo y’iwabo.

Ahantu n’intambara

Nubwo ubukoloni bwari bugose igihugu, Musinga yashoboye gukomeza kugenzura igice kinini cy’u Rwanda. Yakomeje gucunga imipaka n’imiryango yari ikomeye, yongera ubushobozi bw’ingabo z’ubwami. Yari umwami utarashakaga kubona igihugu cye gitakaza ubusugire n’ubwigenge.

Ariko nyuma y’igihe, intwaro z’abakoroni n’uburyo bwabo bwo kwinjiza ubutegetsi byatangiye kumugora. Ababiligi bamushinjaga kuba umwami “utajyana n’ibihe”, kuko yanze kwinjira mu bukristu no kwemera gahunda zabo.

Ishyirwaho ry’ubundi buyobozi

Mu mwaka wa 1931, Ababiligi bafashe icyemezo cyo kumukura ku ngoma. Bashyizeho umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahigwa, wari wemeye guhinduka akemera ubukristu. Uwo munsi, Musinga yavanwe ku ngoma ku mbaraga, bimugira umwami wakuwemo ku ngufu n’abakoloni.

Ubuzima bwo mu mpera

Nyuma yo gukurwa ku ngoma, Yuhi V Musinga yagiye kuba mu misozi ya Moba muri Kongo, aho yakomeje kubaho mu buzima bw’isesengura n’agahinda. Yitabye Imana mu 1944, atarigeze agaruka mu Rwanda nk’umwami.

Umurage

• Musinga yasigiye Abanyarwanda isomo rikomeye: kudacogora imbere y’abanyamahanga bashaka kwinjiza imico yabo ku ngufu.
• Yibukwa nk’umwami wakomeje gushimangira umuco n’imigenzo ya kera, mu gihe abandi batangiye kwegamira uburyo bushya bw’abakoloni.
• Nubwo yakuwe ku ngoma, yagaragaje ko ubusugire bw’igihugu ari ibintu by’agaciro kurusha ibindi byose.